行走在城市的上空
在神話中，人們幻想著乘坐飛毯在城市中自由穿行。1980年有過飛毯似的個(gè)人飛行器設(shè)想，在城市中飛速穿行。1982年的電影《銀翼殺手》里的警車就在城市上空飛行，許多未來理想城市的交通想象就是飛行汽車?！渡虾？罩行凶叩貓D》（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《行走地圖》）讓你體驗(yàn)一下在城市中飛行的樂趣，從特殊的角度來閱讀上海這座摩天大都市。
真要想在布滿高層建筑的垂直城市中行走，一個(gè)人大概需要有近千米的巨人身高，飛行才是唯一可行的方式。實(shí)際上，書中的行走宛若飛行，不受道路的限制，可以隨心所欲地從高空俯瞰，多視角并立體化地觀賞城市這一特殊的大地藝術(shù)，還能不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)“新大陸”。以高空視野穿行在上海中心城區(qū)的空中公共空間，必然帶給人們視覺的沖擊和驚喜?！缎凶叩貓D》的飛行路線設(shè)定的是探訪上海的高層建筑地標(biāo)，以公共開放空間為主線，“飛行者”如大鵬鳥駐足于建筑上，極目遠(yuǎn)望，閱盡人間風(fēng)光?！缎凶叩貓D》談歷史，談建筑，談城市交通，談城市生活和它的煙火氣，談城市更新；有贊賞，有解說，有感想，也有評(píng)論。
《行走地圖》的特點(diǎn)是精美的空中攝影，許多視角是日常生活中不可遇見的。此外，與精致的圖片相匹配，書中的文字也是作者經(jīng)過推敲盡可能做到詞語達(dá)意。有一位學(xué)者說過：影像往往比實(shí)際事物更為真實(shí)，因?yàn)?，攝影是通過“照相機(jī)的眼睛”和攝影的理念教會(huì)人們一種新的觀察世界的規(guī)則。攝影既反映又創(chuàng)造現(xiàn)實(shí)，閱讀攝影就是去理解攝影對(duì)象及其周圍環(huán)境的關(guān)聯(lián)、攝影對(duì)象的各個(gè)要素與社會(huì)文化的淵源；去理解圖像的內(nèi)涵，揭示掩藏在攝影話語背后存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)以及攝影所創(chuàng)造的現(xiàn)實(shí)。攝影不僅是紀(jì)實(shí)和表現(xiàn)，建筑攝影通過新的視覺方式創(chuàng)造世界。
許多城市和地區(qū)都有空中攝影圖集，我也喜歡收集這類圖集。北京有一本《天下北京》，上海有四五種空中看上海的圖集，一般都是在空中巡游，而《行走地圖》是引領(lǐng)讀者深入公共空間并解讀城市空間。
首先是回溯城市的歷史，《行走地圖》開篇就把人們的視線帶入外灘。外灘是上海的地標(biāo)和歷史的見證，之后就是老城廂——上海的城市之根，一路盡情欣賞之余，飛到南外灘，俯瞰黃浦江，對(duì)視浦東陸家嘴的中央商務(wù)區(qū)。從南外灘飛往蘇州河，進(jìn)入蘇河灣，去看看大悅城的摩天輪。接著飛往上海的另一個(gè)地標(biāo)——南京西路的新世界麗笙大酒店，從大酒店的頂端一睹中華第一街南京東路的紛繁多彩。接下來，從中央活動(dòng)區(qū)又飛向另一個(gè)中央活動(dòng)區(qū)——徐家匯，閱讀城市的歷史變遷。
在第二部分里，《行走地圖》帶著讀者飛回到那座火箭般造型的明天廣場(chǎng)。這里可以對(duì)城市空間的演變作一番討論了。駐足上海的中心——人民廣場(chǎng)的上空，從人們通常不可能到達(dá)的視角觀賞上海博物館、上海大劇院，以及上海歷史博物館。飛到環(huán)球港，便可以俯視1950年代的地標(biāo)——曹楊新村。接下來從長(zhǎng)寧龍之夢(mèng)，俯瞰綠意朦朧的中山公園。現(xiàn)在來到芮歐百貨，靜安寺和靜安公園盡收眼底。接著，來到1988年建成的新錦江大酒店，上海申字形高架道路網(wǎng)一覽無余。改革開放后，為了促進(jìn)城市發(fā)展，上海加速推進(jìn)城市快速道路建設(shè)。在新錦江大酒店頂層的旋轉(zhuǎn)餐廳眺目而望，直觀地感受到高架道路建設(shè)對(duì)城市空間的影響。打浦橋地區(qū)是改革開放和舊區(qū)改造的早期先例，來到打浦橋地區(qū)，從斯格威鉑爾曼酒店感受城市面貌和形態(tài)的持續(xù)變化，并從另一個(gè)角度回望黃浦江。
《行走地圖》的第三部分是著重解讀垂直生長(zhǎng)的城市新面貌，以東方明珠電視塔、陸家嘴中央商務(wù)區(qū)、蘇州河治理、北外灘濱江公共空間、后世博園區(qū)的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)博物館，以及虹橋商務(wù)區(qū)為例，向讀者解說上海的城市空間變化，展示功能轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的城市空間演變。
這本書的作者是一群有著建筑學(xué)專業(yè)背景的師生，他們滿懷理想，希望以他們的所學(xué)所知，為公眾提供閱讀城市的新視角。他們以精心挑選的“新滬上18景”的公共開放空間為觀察點(diǎn)，在通過航拍攝影向讀者呈現(xiàn)獨(dú)特空中視野的同時(shí)，敘述城市的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，從不同的角度為讀者提供閱讀上海和感知上海的新方式。
鄭時(shí)齡
中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士
Walk Over the City
In many mythology stories, people have imagined traveling freely through the city on a magic flying carpet. In 1980, there was an idea of flying carpet-like personal aircraft soaring across the sky; in 1982, police cars appeared shuttling aerially in the movie Blade Runner. Flying automobiles have become the form of future transportation in all kinds of fantasies. Shanghai Skywalkers allows you to experience the fun of “flying” and to “read” Shanghai, from a special perspective.
Unless one is a 1,000-meter-tall giant, flying is the only way to navigate a city full of skyscrapers. In fact, walking on the “Shanghai Skywalkers” is just like flying without obstacles. The walkers will see the city as a great piece of “Land art” in three dimensions from multiple perspectives. During the leisurely wandering in the sky, “new continents” might be discovered in the populated city. Walking through the aerial public space in the center of Shanghai, the broad views from a high altitude definitely will bring people surprises and new visual impact. The “flight routes” in Shanghai Skywalkers cover many skyscraper landmarks in Shanghai. Standing on the public space of high-rise buildings, people can look much further like a bird overlooks the city vastly. It seems that nothing is left out of the view and the whole world is in your eyes. Here, we talk about the history of this city, historical buildings, hustle and bustle, traffic, urban life, and its renewal, with appreciations, explanations, impressions, and comments.
Shanghai Skywalkers contains many precious photographic works some are taken from a rare perspective which hardly can be reached in daily life. A scholar once said: “Photography is sometimes more authentic than reality, through the camera, photography teaches people a new method to observe the world.” Photography is reflecting and creating a reality at the same time; therefore, “reading” photographs is to understand how to relate the objects in camera lens with the surrounding environment and culture; more importantly, it is to understand the connotation of the images, to reveal the reality hidden behind photographs and the reality created by photography. From this perspective, photography is not only documentary or performance; architectural photography creates reality through new visual representations.
Aerial photography atlases exist for many cities and regions, and I like to collect them as well. Usually, they are captivating from an aerial perspective, but Shanghai Skywalkers goes much deeper into the city public space and much better explains and interprets the significance of city public space.
First of all, Shanghai Skywalkers reviews the history by viewing the Bund. The Bund is an important landmark of Shanghai. It has witnessed the history of Shanghai for hundreds of years. The next stop is the Old Town area. That is the root of Shanghai. After visiting these places, we ?y to the South Bund to overlook the Huangpu River and look at the Lujiazui CBD in Pudong. We then proceed to the Suzhou Creek to visit the Ferris wheel in the Jing’an Joy City. Afterwards, we fly to the Radisson Blu Hotel Shanghai New World, another landmark of Shanghai, on West Nanjing Road. On the top roof of the hotel, we can overlook “the first street of China, East Nanjing Road.” The following spot will be another central activity area in Shanghai, Xujiahui, where we can study the historical changes of the city.
Subsequently, back to the rocket-shaped Tomorrow Square Shanghai Skywalkers focuses on the modern evolution of urban space. The People’s Square is the center of Shanghai, and over it we can overlook the Shanghai Museum, the Shanghai Grand Theatre, and the Shanghai History Museum from different perspectives that people wouldn’t normally see. Inadvertently, we shift our sight to the Global Harbor, where we can look down at the Caoyang Community, a landmark of the 1950s. Later, we ?y to Cloud Nine, enjoying the scenery of Zhongshan Park in the haze. Now we arrive at Réel Department Store, Jing’an Temple and Jing’an Park are in the views. At last, we land onto the Jin Jiang Tower Hotel which was built in 1988. The “申” (shen, the Chinese abbreviation of Shanghai)-shaped elevated road network is a complete entirety in our eyes. After the Reform and Opening-up, Shanghai accelerated the construction of urban highways to further promote urban development. From the revolving restaurant on the top floor of Jin Jiang Tower Hotel, we can directly feel the impact of the construction of the elevated road on the urban space. The Dapuqiao area is a precedent for the Reform and Opening-up and the reconstruction of old districts. Here, we can feel the changes of the city from the Pullman Shanghai Skyway Hotel, and look back at the Huangpu River from another angle.
The third part of Shanghai Skywalkers interprets the new appearance of the vertically growing city, taking in the Oriental Pearl Radio & TV Tower, Lujiazui CBD, the governance of Suzhou Creek, the North Bund public space, Power Station of Art in the Post-World Expo Park, and the Hongqiao CBD as examples; each of them shows the evolution of urban space in the period of transformation.
The authors of this book are a group of passionate and aspiring teachers and students majoring in architecture. Taking 18 key public open spaces as observation points, they use photographs to present readers a unique aerial view while to narrate the development of the city and provide a new perspective to read and perceive Shanghai.
Zheng Shiling