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英國(guó)抒情詩(shī)廿四首

今夜中午:傅浩譯文自選集 作者:傅浩 著


第一輯 英譯漢

英國(guó)抒情詩(shī)廿四首

導(dǎo)讀

《英國(guó)抒情詩(shī)》(花城出版社,1992)是譯者發(fā)表的第一本正式出版物——一本譯詩(shī)加注釋和解析文字的小冊(cè)子,包括上自喬叟下至希內(nèi)的37位詩(shī)人的60首詩(shī)。后來(lái)出版英漢對(duì)照增訂本,改題為《明亮的星——英詩(shī)名篇精選》(哈爾濱出版社,2005),收詩(shī)70首。再后來(lái)又加增訂,改題為《英詩(shī)華章》(中央編譯出版社,2015),共收古今英國(guó)39位詩(shī)人的88首詩(shī)。以下譯詩(shī)及注評(píng)均選自《英詩(shī)華章》一書。

巴拉德[1]

杰弗里·喬叟Geoffrey Chaucer(約1340—1400)

押沙龍[2],遮起你閃亮的金色發(fā)絲;

以斯帖[3],放下你滿含的脈脈柔情;

約拿單[4],收起你洋溢的友好情義;

珀涅羅珀[5]和瑪爾西婭·卡托翁[6],

不要拿你們女人的魅力來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng);

伊索德和艾蓮娜[7],藏起你們的美色:

我的女神[8]來(lái)了,會(huì)蓋過(guò)這一切。

別讓你漂亮的身段顯露,拉文[9];

還有你,來(lái)自羅馬城的魯克麗絲[10],

為愛(ài)情付高昂代價(jià)的波里克辛[11],

還有那受苦受難的克婁巴特立[12]

藏起你們的貞操和你們的名譽(yù);

還有你,為愛(ài)情如此痛苦的提斯別[13]

我的女神來(lái)了,會(huì)蓋過(guò)這一切。


海若[14]、狄多[15]、拉俄達(dá)彌亞[16]之輩,

還有為你的德莫豐自縊的菲麗絲[17],

還有因你的行為而出名的卡娜塞[18],

那被伊阿宋引誘的許珀希皮里[19],

別夸耀,也別張揚(yáng)你們的韻事:

許珀彌斯特[20]和阿里阿涅[21]也別價(jià):

我的女神來(lái)了,會(huì)蓋過(guò)這一切。

BALADE

Hyd, Absolon, thy gilt tresses clere;

Ester, ley thou thy meknesse al adoun;

Hyd, Jonathas, al thy frendly manere;

Penalopee, and Marcia Catoun,

Make of your wyfhod no comparisoun;

Hyde ye your beautes, Isoude and Eleyne.

My lady cometh, that al this may disteyne.


Thy faire body, lat hit nat appere,

Lavyne; and thou, Lucresse of Rome toun,

And Polixene, that boghten love so dere,

And Cleopatre, with al thy passioun,

Hyde ye your trouthe of love and your renoun;

And thou, Tisbe, that hast of love swich peyne.

My lady cometh, that al this may disteyne.


Hero, Dido, Laudomia, alle yfere,

And Phyllis, hanging for thy Demophoun,

And Canace, espyed by thy chere,

Ysiphile, betrayed with Jasoun,

Maketh of your trouthe neyther boost ne soun;

Nor Ypermistre or Adriane, ye tweyne.

My lady cometh, that al this may disteyne.

正像獵人在疲憊的追逐之后[22]

正像獵人在疲憊的追逐之后,

在一個(gè)陰涼之處坐下來(lái)休憩,

眼看著獵物從他的面前逃走,

丟了獵物的獵犬在身邊喘息:

在長(zhǎng)久追求和徒勞嘗試之后,

我已經(jīng)疲憊不堪放棄了追獵,

柔美的鹿兒卻從原路轉(zhuǎn)回頭,

想要在近旁的溪邊一解焦渴。

在那里她用柔和眼光望著我,

無(wú)意要逃走,只是無(wú)懼地靜候:

等我把她捉到手,且半帶瑟縮,

心甘情愿在這里被牢牢捆縛。

看一頭野獸如此地難馴不羈,

竟輕易自迷就擒,真令我驚奇。

LYKE AS A HUNTSMAN AFTER WEARY CHACE

Lyke as a huntsman after weary chace,

Seeing the game from him escapt away,

Sits downe to rest him in some shady place,

With panting hounds beguiled of their pray:

So after long pursuit and vaine assay,

When I all weary had the chace forsooke,

The gentle deare returnd the selfe-same way,

Thinking to quench her thirst at the next brooke.

There she beholding me with mylder looke,

Sought not to fly, but fearelesse still did bide:

Till I in hand her yet halfe trembling tooke,

And with her owne goodwill hir fyrmely tyde.

Strange thing me seemed to see a beast so wyld,

So goodly wonne with her owne will beguyld.

譯文一

可否把你比作夏季一天[23]

威廉·莎士比亞William Shakespeare(1564—1616)

可否把你比作夏季一天?

你是人更美妙心更美好。

陣風(fēng)會(huì)把五月嬌蕾搖撼,

夏季租期也嫌時(shí)日太少。

蒼天之眼[24]有時(shí)照耀過(guò)熱,

他那金面常被浮云遮蔽;

諸多美物終將失去美色,

由于非命或者自然變易。

但是你的夏天不朽永恒,

你的所有美色毫無(wú)損失,

你在不朽詩(shī)句之中長(zhǎng)生,

死神不會(huì)說(shuō)你受他蔭庇,

只要人會(huì)呼吸眼能看清,

只要此詩(shī)存活給你生命。

譯文二

可否把你比作夏季的一日

可否把你比作夏季的一日?

你竟是更加明媚更加溫和。

陣風(fēng)粗暴搖撼五月的嬌蕾,

夏季的租期擁有時(shí)日無(wú)多。

蒼天之眼有時(shí)照耀得過(guò)熱,

他那金面常常被浮云遮暗;

各種美物終將褪去了美色,

由于偶然或者是自然變幻。

但是你的夏天將永恒不朽,

你的所有美色也毫無(wú)損失,

死神將不會(huì)說(shuō)你受他庇佑,

當(dāng)你在不朽詩(shī)句之中長(zhǎng)生,

只要人會(huì)呼吸眼睛能看清,

只要此詩(shī)存活賦予你生命。

SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMERS DAY

Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?

Thou art more louely and more temperate:

Rough windes do shake the darling buds of Maie,

And Sommers lease hath all too short a date:

Sometime too hot the eye of heauen shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm’d,

And euery faire from faire some-time declines,

By chance, or natures changing course vntrim’d:

But thy eternall Sommer shall not fade,

Nor loose possession of that faire thou ow’st,

Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,

When in eternall lines to time thou grow’st,

So long as men can breath or eyes can see,

So long liues this, and this giues life to thee.

自挽

羅伯特·赫里克Robert Herrick(1591—1674)

相忘于世界,相忘于自我,孑然,

此時(shí)此地,我歇在這石碑下面:

在寂靜深處,無(wú)人聽(tīng)見(jiàn),和看見(jiàn)。

ON HIMSELFE

Lost to the world; lost to my selfe; alone

Here now I rest under this Marble stone:

In depth of silence, heard, and seene of none.

愛(ài)我少些,愛(ài)我久些

你說(shuō),對(duì)于我,你的感情強(qiáng)烈;

求你,愛(ài)我少些,會(huì)愛(ài)我久些。

緩步行遠(yuǎn):這法子最好。欲念

變狂躁,不是暴亡,就是厭倦。

LOVE ME LITTLE, LOVE ME LONG

You say, to me-wards your affection’s strong;

Pray love me little, so you love me long.

Slowly goes farre: The meane is best: Desire

Grown violent, do’s either die, or tire.

滑輪[25]

喬治·赫伯特George Herbert(1593—1633)

上帝造人的時(shí)刻,

旁邊立著一只杯盛滿祝福,

“讓我盡量向他傾注,”上帝說(shuō),

“讓這世上散置各處的財(cái)富

濃縮聚集于一握?!?/p>


于是力量先出發(fā),

其次美、智慧、榮譽(yù)、快樂(lè)流出。

即將倒盡的時(shí)候,上帝停下,

審視著留在杯子底部的剩余,

他那僅有的精華[26]。


“如果我竟然,”他說(shuō),

“把這珍寶也賜予我的創(chuàng)造物,

他就會(huì)愛(ài)惜贈(zèng)禮而不敬奉我,

就會(huì)依賴造化,而不信造化主;

雙方都將是損失者。


“就讓他有其余財(cái)寶,

但擁有又同時(shí)抱怨不得休息。[27]

讓他富有而厭倦,這樣至少,

若善行不能引導(dǎo),厭倦也會(huì)

把他拋向我懷抱?!?/p>

THE PULLEY

When God at first made man,

Having a glasse of blessings standing by,

“Let us,” said he, “poure on him all we can.

Let the worlds riches, which dispersed lie,

Contract into a span.”


So strength first made a way;

Then beautie flow’d, then wisdome, honour, pleasure.

When almost all was out, God made a stay,

Perceiving that, alone of all his treasure,

Rest in the bottome lay.


“For if I should,” said he,

“Bestow this jewell also on my creature,

He would adore my gifts instead of me,

And rest in Nature, not the God of Nature;

So both should losers be.


“Yet let him keep the rest,

But keep them with repining restlessnesse.

Let him be rich and wearie, that at least,

If goodnesse lead him not, yet wearinesse

May tosse him to my breast.”

哀失明[28]

約翰·彌爾頓John Milton(1608—1674)

考慮到在這黑暗無(wú)邊的世界里,

我一生尚未過(guò)半,而光明已耗盡,

那一錠藏起就等于死亡的白銀[29]

于我已無(wú)用,雖然我的心更愿意

用它來(lái)為我的主人效勞,并交出

真實(shí)的賬目,以免他回來(lái)時(shí)斥責(zé),

我愚蠢地發(fā)問(wèn):“上帝讓日間勞作,

卻又不賜給光亮?”但“耐心”為止住

這嘀咕,立時(shí)就回答:“上帝不需求

人的工作或他自己所賜;誰(shuí)最能

承受他溫和約束,就效勞得最好。

他至高無(wú)上。眾天使奉旨令奔走,

在陸地和海洋之上不休地急行;

那些僅佇立待命者也是在效勞?!?/p>

ON HIS BLINDNESS

When I consider how my light is spent

E’re half my days, in this dark world and wide,

And that one Talent which is death to hide

Lodg’d with me useless, though my Soul more bent

To serve therewith my Maker, and present

My true account, lest He returning chide, —

“Doth God exact day-labour, light deny’d?”

I fondly ask; —But Patience, to prevent

That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not need

Either man’s work, or His own gifts; who best

Bear His milde yoak, they serve Him best.His State

Is Kingly; thousands at His bidding speed

And post o’er Land and Ocean without rest: —

They also serve who only stand and waite.”

隱居頌[30]

亞歷山大·蒲柏Alexander Pope(1688—1744)

那種人幸福啊,愿望和心思

系掛著幾畝祖?zhèn)鞯奶锂a(chǎn),

滿足于呼吸鄉(xiāng)土的空氣,

在自己的地面。


牛群供乳汁,莊稼供食糧,

他的羊群供給他衣著;

樹(shù)木為他在夏季遮涼,

在冬天生火。


有福啊,他能夠無(wú)憂地覺(jué)得

時(shí)辰、晝夜和歲月流逝,

而身體健康,心意平和,

白天里閑適,


黑夜里酣眠;學(xué)習(xí)和安逸

一張一弛;怡然的娛樂(lè),

天真的情懷,再加上冥思

最令人快活。


就這樣讓我活,無(wú)人見(jiàn),無(wú)人知;

就這樣讓我死,無(wú)人哀哭;

悄然離世,不需要碑石

昭告我長(zhǎng)眠處。

ODE ON SOLITUDE

Happy the man, whose wish and care

A few paternal acres bound,

Content to breathe his native air

In his own ground.


Whose herds with milk, whose fields with bread,

Whose flocks supply him with attire;

Whose trees in summer yield him shade,

In winter fire.


Blest, who can unconcern’dly find

Hours, days, and years slide soft away

In health of body, peace of mind,

Quiet by day,


Sound sleep by night; study and ease

Together mix’d; sweet recreation,

And innocence, which most does please

With meditation.


Thus let me live, unseen, unknown;

Thus unlamented let me die;

Steal from the world, and not a stone

Tell where I lie.

圣星期四(二)[31]

威廉·布雷克William Blake(1757—1827)

在一個(gè)富裕豐產(chǎn)的國(guó)度,

眼看嬰兒們陷入了慘境,

由那高利貸冷手來(lái)喂養(yǎng),

難道這是樁神圣的事情?


那顫抖的啼哭可是歌聲?

那能是一首歡樂(lè)的歌曲?

為何會(huì)有這么多窮孩子?

因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)貧窮的國(guó)度!


他們的太陽(yáng)從來(lái)不照耀,

他們的田野荒涼又陰冷,

他們的道路布滿了荊棘;

那里是永恒無(wú)盡的寒冬。


在哪里真正有太陽(yáng)照耀,

在哪里真正有雨水灑落,

那里的嬰兒才不會(huì)挨餓,

貧窮也不會(huì)把心靈恫嚇。

HOLY THURSDAY [II]

Is this a holy thing to see,

In a rich and fruitful land,

Babes reduced to misery,

Fed with cold and usurous hand?


Is that trembling cry a song?

Can it be a song of joy?

And so many children poor?

It is a land of poverty!


And their sun does never shine,

And their fields are bleak & bare,

And their ways are fill’d with thorns;

It is eternal winter there.


For where-e’er the sun does shine,

And where-e’er the rain does fall,

Babe can never hunger there,

Nor poverty the mind appall.

一朵紅紅的玫瑰[32]

羅伯特·彭斯Robert Burns(1759—1796)

我愛(ài)人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰喲,

六月里剛剛綻開(kāi);

我愛(ài)人像一支美妙的曲子喲,

演奏得合調(diào)合拍。


你長(zhǎng)得漂亮,我可愛(ài)的姑娘,

我把你深深迷戀;

我要永遠(yuǎn)地愛(ài)著你,親愛(ài)的,

直到海水全變干。


一直到海水全變干,親愛(ài)的,

石頭被太陽(yáng)曬化:

我要永遠(yuǎn)愛(ài)著你喲,親愛(ài)的,

只要生命還漏沙。[33]


道一聲珍重,我唯一的愛(ài)人,

暫時(shí)道一聲珍重!

我還會(huì)回來(lái)的,我的愛(ài)人喲,

哪怕是萬(wàn)里路程!

A RED RED ROSE

O my luve is like a red, red rose,

That’s newly sprung in June;

O my luve is like the melodie,

That’s sweetly play’d in tune.


As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,

So deep in luve am I;

And I will luve thee still, my dear,

Till a’ the seas gang dry.


Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear,

And the rocks melt wi’ the sun:


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